Example: [Review of the motion picture To catch a thief]. Title of Journal, volume issue number , pages. Koiwai, K. T, Mafune, F. Yumoto, F. Improvement of production and isolation of human neuraminidase-1 in cellulo crystals.
Full Date of Publication. Magazine Title , volume issue if available , page numbers. Stengel, R. A world of possibilities. Time , 17 , 1. Magazine Title , volume issue , page numbers. Barclay, A. Using social media to enhance public education on water usage. Environmental Science and Engineering Magazine , 26 2 , Magazine Title , volume , page numbers. Ravilious, K. Scots on the rocks: Mountaineering archaeologists reach new heights of discovery. Archaeology , 27 , Newspaper Title , page number s.
Harmon, A. DNA gatherers hit a snag: The tribes don't trust them. New York Times , 1. If your newspaper article does have a DOI at it to the end of the reference.
Searing, L. The Washington Post. Donnelly, J. SARS authority picked to lead health group. Boston Globe , A Number of out-of-wedlock births a record. Hartford Courant , A7. Note: For the in-text citation, use a few words of the title in place of the author's name. Include double quotation marks around the title of the article. Title of article [Letter to the editor]. Newspaper Title , page number. Arsham, J. At last she has reason to wave a flag [Letter to the editor].
Note: When citing an entire website or page, and not any document in particular on that website, it is sufficient to give the address of the site in the text no reference list entry is needed , as follows:.
Comprehensive immigration reform. New child vaccine gets funding boost. Simon, N. How different types of museums approach participation. Museum 2. Date of Posting. Comment title or up to first twenty words of comment.
Thank you everyone for inspiring discussion. Note: If the author of the comment has used a screen name, then use the screen name in your reference.
Year, Day of Posting. Content of post up to first 20 words [Type of Media]. Site name. Obama, B. Launched American Graduation Initiative to help additional 5 mill. Note: If writing for publication may want to self-archive any social media updates. Content of post up to first 20 words. American Psychological Association. Are you setting some goals to ring in the new year? Content of post up to first 20 words [Tweet]. The New York Times [ nytimes]. Throughout the U.
Obama, M. Long An Province, Vietnam. King James Bible. King James Bible Online. Year of publication. Publisher Name. URL Year of original publication [Use ca. The republic B. Jowett, Trans. The Internet Classics Archive. Office for Civil Rights. Title IX resource guide. Department of Education. Miles, G. Torres v. Puerto Rico, U. Sheff v. O'Neill, Conn. Inventor, A. Year Patent Issued. Title of patent U. Patent No. Patent and Trademark Office. Taylor, C. Scooping pan U.
Note: E-mails like other personal communication are not included in the reference list; however, cite the e-mail in the text and include the author's initials in addition to the author's last name and provide a specific date. Note: Personal communication such as letters, memos, e-mails, personal interviews and telephone conversations are not included in the reference list.
Cite the personal communication in the text, and include the author's initials in addition to the author's last name and provide a date as specific as possible. Year, Date. URL if applicable. Title [PowerPoint slides]. Yousafzai, M. Address on Education to the United Nations [Speech]. Yousafzai , Note: The individual in the "author" location will vary depending on the type of media. Consult the charts on pp. Note: The person or group who uploaded the video is listed as the author for retrievability purposes even if the content was created by someone else.
The contributions of others who appear in the video may be included in the text narrative if desired. Copyright date. Title of film [Film]. Name of Movie Studio. Hitchcock, A. Rear window [Film]. Paramount Pictures. Note: For a film or video, use the director as the author. For a list of which individual to use as the author for other forms of media, consult the charts on pp.
Writer, A. Copyright Date. Title of song [Song recorded by Name of Recording Artist if different from writer]. On Album title [Recording medium].
Location: Recording Company. Recording date if different from copyright date. Dylan, B. All along the watchtower [Song recorded by J. On Electric ladyland [Song]. Year, Month Day. Title of episode Season number, Episode number if available [TV series episode]. Studio Name. Weiner, H. Land of plenty, land of want [TV series episode].
Weiner Executive Producers Journey to planet Earth. Host, A. Years of production. Title of work [Type of podcast]. Vedantam, S. Hidden brain [Audio podcast]. Name of Producer of Television Series Producer. Year s. Title of television series. Weiner, M. Producer and Weiner, H. Journey to planet Earth. Author Artist , A. Location, City, Country. El Greco.
View of Toledo [Painting]. Newman, M. Maps of the US presidential election [Map]. University of Michigan. Tab cola. Be a mindsticker. Photographer, A.
Title of photograph [Photograph]. Lynch, A. Aerial view of Bellarmine Hall [Photograph]. Fairfield University History Online. Title of data set Numerical identifier; version number [Data set]. Publisher name. Note: The bracketed description is flexible e. Note: I f you are citing existing data or statistics, cite the publication in which the data were published e.
APA advises to "use secondary sources sparingly, for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in English. Zelizer, B. Remembering to forget : Holocaust memory through the camera's eye. University of Chicago Press. In Susan Sontag's book On Photography The below formats are used for the authors of both books and articles.
Always cite both names every time you cite the work:. Italicize a book title and use double quotation marks around the title of an article or book chapter.
In addition to the author's last name, include the author's initials. Provide a date that is as specific as possible. When citing two or more works by different authors within the same parenthesis, list the authors alphabetically and separate each citation with a semicolon. If there are no page or paragraph numbers available, cite the section heading and count the paragraph number in which the citation falls.
An entry in the reference list is not required for the Bible and other major classical works, such as Greek and Roman works e. The Iliad. For the first in-text citation, identify the version of text you used. Instead of page numbers, use the classical work's numbering system books, chapters, verses, lines, cantos. For some ancient works, the original publication date is not applicable. Instead use the translation year. What is a DOI, and how do I find it?
A DOI is an alpha-numeric code that provides a persistent link to an article location on the Internet. Not all articles have a DOI. Main Navigation Fairfield University calendars quickcenter my. DiMenna-Nyselius Library Toggle navigation.
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Human Library. Citation Guides APA. Table of Contents. P83 For supplemental material, please visit www. Except for personal communications, each source cited in paper must appear in the reference list, and each entry in the reference list must be cited in the paper.
Page numbers are only required in citations for direct quotes. Need more help? Try Asking a Librarian. Book Choose a book type. Book with Two Authors Note: Rules for multiple authors apply to all references in your list, regardless of the format of work e. Book with Three to Twenty Authors Note: Rules for multiple authors apply to all references in your list, regardless of the format of work e.
Koenig et al. Last name et al. Note: When the publisher is the same as the author, omit the publisher. Kozminski, Or: Kozminski, , p. Madan, T. Religion in India. Note: For more than one editor, use Eds. Madan, Or: Madan Montaigne, OR Montaigne , p. OR Author, A. Frost, , p. Play APA Manual Shepard, S. True west. Nelson Doubleday. Shepard, , p. Cook, B. Eleanor Roosevelt Vol. Cook, Or: Cook Eleanor Roosevelt Vols. Ebook Choose the Ebook type. Dray, Or: Dray Martin, Or: Martin Place Hold.
Add To List. Also in This Series. Colorado Mountain College. Library Use Only Not Holdable. Other Locations. APA Citation style guide Citation formats are based on standards as of July Citations contain only title, author, edition, publisher, and year published.
Citations should be used as a guideline and should be double checked for accuracy. More Like This. Other Editions and Formats. Choose a Format. See Full Copy Details. Date Edition Publisher Physical Desc. Availability [] 4th ed Houghton Mifflin xxxvii, pages : color illustrations ; 29 cm On Shelf.
More Info Place Hold. Available from another library. A Availability [] 4th ed. More Copies In Prospector. Loading Prospector Copies Table of Contents. Appendix I: Indo-European roots.
Loading Excerpt LC Subjects. English language -- Dictionaries. English language. Amerikanisches Englisch. Anglais Langue -- Dictionnaires. Dictionaries as Topic.
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